Coretalk.net
Open Source vs. Designed Source


Designed Source Designed Source is CoreTalk's name for a new method to create, manage and distribute software systems as Intellectual Property (IP) components. The purpose of this paper is to contrast the difference between Cubicon and the Open Source Initiative's Criteria. We compare against the Open Source fundamental goals as published at Open Source Initiative http://www.opensource.org through quoted definitions.

OpenSource.org

Open Source: Open source doesn't just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open-source software must comply with the following ten criteria:

Rationale: The intent of the Open Source Definition is to write down a concrete set of criteria that we believe capture the essence of what the software development community wants 'Open Source' to mean – criteria that ensure that software distributed under an open-source license will be available for independent peer review and continuous evolutionary improvement and selection, reaching levels of reliability and power no closed product can attain.

For the evolutionary process to work, we have to counter short-term incentives for people to stop contributing to the software gene pool. This means the license terms must prevent people from locking up software where very few people can see or modify it.

Cubicon Designed Source

Designed Source: Software developed under Cubicon represent executable designs that do not require interpretation or compiling. A 'distilled' design will execute directly via a CubeRun Context Engine on existing ILP processor architectures or can be synthesized into circuits for native execution on a future Context Processor. This novel machine architecture will have the programmability of a microprocessor with the concurrency of an ASIC. A native Cubicon system executing within a Semantic Processor performs task switching entirely in hardware, thus eliminating the requirement for a software operating system to perform this core function.

An executable design is captured in iconic notation via the CubeStudio Integrated Development Environment (IDE). This IDE is completely syntax-driven and semantically-bound bringing a very high degree of design automation to the system development process. A system declared in Cubicon represents a virtual design that can be targeted for either software or hardware execution as a late binding decision.

Rationale: We believe that there is a fundamental deficiency in the way that formal IP is captured in lexical source code languages.

Many aspects of an application's domain are lost between design and coding.
The population of developers who can participate in shared knowledge creation is limited to individuals proficient in computer programming.
Source code is typically not well documented even within the programming community.
Source code typically lacks a consistent mental model.

These deficiencies greatly reduce the velocity of shared understanding and thus impede independent peer review and continuous evolutionary improvement.

Without clear and concise understanding, it is difficult to efficiently add to the formal knowledge pool. Most source code is represented in English that impedes the world's majority not proficient in this language. Cubicon's iconic syntax expresses common semantic knowledge in a language-neutral notation that is tagged with interchangeable lexical tokens. This technique greatly increases the population who can participate in the development of shared knowledge.

The wide chasm that currently exists between software and hardware development languages and tool chains increases the difficulty in efficiently developing systems to power the growing population of devices that require tight software and hardware binding.

Ten Criteria of Open Source

1. Free Redistribution

OpenSource.org

Open Source: The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software as a component of an aggregate software distribution containing programs from several different sources. The license shall not require a royalty or other fee for such sale.

Rationale: We require access to un-obfuscated source code because you can't evolve programs without modifying them. Since our purpose is to make evolution easy, we require that modification be made easy.

Cubicon Designed Source

Designed Source: CubeExchange – Cubicon components are the optimal architecture required for design reuse and robust commerce for Intellectual Property (IP) exchange and collaboration. CubeExchange enables developers to publish their designs without fear of losing their component IP rights and where revenue collection and auditing of IP are automated.

Cubicon-based components have the inherent property of 'unpremeditated compatibility.' This means that a third party component can be 'morphed' into an existing component without prior agreement between the producer and consumer and without the development of an Application Programming Interface (API). CubeExchange serves as a powerful Internet infrastructure layer that will directly support the growing worldwide Cubicon community at large. This community will be extremely productive due to the attributes of a shared system model. This superior model will displace the current 'Tower of Babel' paradigm with its many disparate languages and fractured methodologies.

Free Worldwide CubeStudio Distribution – CoreTalk is focusing its business activities at the horizontal infrastructure level, leaving all vertical application development opportunities to enterprise and individual entities. By providing the means for component producers to maintain rights, and profit from their distributed IP, the integrated system model will allow the worldwide community to build the many required facets of this new knowledge infrastructure.

CubeStudio will be freely available to any entity over the Internet for a nominal registration fee. However, Cubicon will charge developers in direct proportion to the amount of original IP they produce with cube components. This could possibly range from $25/year for a very casual developer to $500/year for a highly prolific developer. The producer maintains copyright and patent rights to their declared IP and can freely choose any means of distribution. In other words, Cubicon provides the commerce mechanism while the producer provides the commerce policy.

A policy may be based upon a free, purchase or rental model. The CubeExchange automatically tracks IP commerce transactions and distributes licensing fees where applied. We believe that the CubeExchange distribution channel will offer compelling market advantages.

Products and Services – Cubicon provides an intelligent layer on top of the Internet that enable a wide variety of new products and services to be offered by Community Repositories. There is a symbiotic relationship between the CubeDialog and the CubeExchange that enables these capabilities. Any community become an emitter of IP products and services. A producer’s community broadcasts its available products and services to a consumer's CubeStudio. A consumer can browse and transact IP through the public interface of a producer’s community.

Rationale: The open source model is limited by the weak programming language technologies that are an integral part of the current paradigm. Thus, this model must require free software distribution. This certainly works for a certain segment of software uses, but lacks an industrial basis to attract widespread capital formation to build long-term scalable system technologies. Cubicon provide the technologies that deal with the following IP aspects including effective means to execute, create, manage, store, educate, transmit, locate, protect, distribute and transact.

2. Source Code

OpenSource.org

Open Source: The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source code as well as compiled form. Where some form of a product is not distributed with source code, there must be a well-publicized means of obtaining the source code for no more than a reasonable reproduction cost preferably, downloading via the Internet without charge. The source code must be the preferred form in which a programmer would modify the program. Deliberately obfuscated source code is not allowed. Intermediate forms such as the output of a preprocessor or translator are not allowed.

Rationale: We require access to un-obfuscated source code because you can't evolve programs without modifying them. Since our purpose is to make evolution easy, we require that modification be made easy.

Cubicon Designed Source

Designed Source: Current software is disclosed either in source (white box) or binary (black box) forms. Cubicon declared iconic designs provide a ‘color box’ model for selective disclosure. This model enables the producer to choose the abstraction level of IP disclosure appropriate to enable reuse without the wholesale giveaway of trade secret implementation details.

A Cubicon component can be downloaded via the Internet without charge for simulation and evaluation. Purchase or rental license fees only apply if a transaction is completed on encumbered components. An encumbered component can be morphed into a third-party component and redistributed. A derived component carries its multiple license burden that is automatically tracked and disclosed down through the user feeding chain.

Rationale: The very nature of source 'code' already obfuscates IP. As "a system of symbols (as letters, numbers, or words) used to represent assigned and often secret meaning" source code is itself not readily understood or clearly expressed. Human pattern matching capabilities are greatly underutilized when all IP has to be reduced to long strings of dead text that require interpretation or compiling to derive meaning by a machine. Imagine the field of architecture operating where all three-dimensional building designs were limited to lexical expression. N-dimensional software and hardware designs are much more complex and require deterministic behavior characteristics. Cubicon effectively harnesses human pattern matching capability, thus making IP expression highly understandable by both humans and machines. Thus, selective disclosure becomes vital to control not just the expression but also the underlying ideas in the declared process.

3. Derived Works

OpenSource.org

Open Source: The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software.

Rationale: The mere ability to read source isn't enough to support independent peer review and rapid evolutionary selection. For rapid evolution to happen, people need to be able to experiment with and redistribute modifications.

Cubicon Designed Source

Designed Source: The concept of a monolithic 'application' program gives way to a 'framework' program in native Cubicon. A framework provides pure structure and behavior modules that drives one or more collaborating content systems. A system driven by a framework possesses four unique properties. A system remains morphable, immutable, updatable, communicable and peer review-able throughout the lifecycle of an IP asset. Technology support of these properties in a medium at first may appear to be oxymoronic in their functions. Cubicon successfully integrates these software development properties to obtain the following inherent characteristics:

Morphable – A Cubicon developer is free to adapt data structure and operation behavior of ancestor templates while the medium maintains descendent template integrity. This 'object-composed' technology effectively solves the 'fragile class problem' of object-oriented languages. Established IP rights are automatically transferred to newly declared descendent templates.

A community-declared component can be shared with another community through two mechanisms – refer or link copy. A refer share means that the component producer maintains control of modifications that are automatically updated in the consumer community. A link copy share means that the consumer community can declare specialized component versions of the original. A refer component automatically coverts to a link copy if the original community ceases to exist.

Immutable – Template design schema is separate but related to actual value structures. This means that adapting anatomies will continue to support existing operation system versions.

Updatable – Existing deployed systems can be automatically updated to the current version without human intervention. This update capability can be performed locally or through the Internet to any number of distributed systems.

Communicable – Any two Cubicon sites may communicate in an ad hoc fashion through a sophisticated context instance dialog. Cubicon anatomies may communicate within a site through a sophisticated messaging model without the development of specialized APIs.

Peer Review-able – An independent component evaluator can attach a review and rating onto a component. A reviewer can be financially compensated based directly upon the number of times their evaluation is selected. This fee is automatically subtracted from the producer’s license fee income stream.

Rationale: These inherent characteristics redefine the very basis of rapid prototyping where an existing executing system never becomes spaghetti code. Instead, sets of collaborating components morph with changing domain requirements in a relentlessly consistent manner. Software redistribution can be as open or closed as the aggregate IP stakeholders decide is in their best interests.

4. Integrity of the Author's Source Code

OpenSource.org

Open Source: The license may restrict source-code from being distributed in modified form only if the license allows the distribution of "patch files" with the source code for the purpose of modifying the program at build time. The license must explicitly permit distribution of software built from modified source code. The license may require derived works to carry a different name or version number from the original software.

Rationale: Encouraging lots of improvement is a good thing, but users have a right to know who is responsible for the software they are using. Authors and maintainers have reciprocal right to know what they're being asked to support and protect their reputations.

Accordingly, an open-source license must guarantee that source be readily available, but may require that it be distributed as pristine base sources plus patches. In this way, "unofficial" changes can be made available but readily distinguished from the base source.

Cubicon Designed Source

Designed Source: All derived work is in the form of descendent templates without patch files. Each template's reuse policy is established by the author, on one of three levels:

A locked template can be viewed and reused but not modified in any fashion.
A half-locked template is ancestor to one or more descendent templates.
An unlocked template can be modified.

The original author supports both locked and half-locked components. An unlocked template is essentially freeware with no associated support.

Cubicon software is intrinsically secure. All components are sourced from a Community Repository and are composed from a finite set of structural and behavioral component. A Context Engine would reject any foreign code injection attempt.

Rationale: By eliminating patch files, all derived templates carry their indelible IP rights embedded in the components so the responsible authors are disclosed. Authors thus have a technology-based guarantee that no tampering can take place on their IP base. This guarantee is the basis for component certification and limited warranty.

5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups

OpenSource.org

Open Source: The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons.

Rationale: In order to get the maximum benefit from the process, the maximum diversity of persons and groups should be equally eligible to contribute to open sources. Therefore we forbid any open-source license from locking anybody out of the process.

Some countries, including the United States, have export restrictions for certain types of software. An OSD-conformant license may warn licensees of applicable restrictions and remind them that they are obliged to obey the law; however, it may not incorporate such restrictions itself.

Cubicon Designed Source

Designed Source: Component disclosure can be restricted to in-house department reuse through a private CubeExchange. Alternately, selective or open disclosure can be made through the public CubeExchange. This 'open and protected' model provides a producer with a wide range of choices with which to distribute original IP.

Each entity has a home Community Repository that they can invite additional entity members to participate in shared IP ownership. An individual can be designated with an administrator, architect or language translator role. While only an architect can modify components, general members can review and attach interactive comments. Comment trails are a permanent record that provides rationale for component evolution.

Rationale: Democracy does not always rule in the real world. A producer should have the choice as to the parties they want to include in their IP evolution process.

6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor

OpenSource.org

Open Source: The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the program in a specific field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the program from being used in a business, or from being used for genetic research.

Rationale: The major intention of this clause is to prohibit license traps that prevent open source from being used commercially. We want commercial users to join our community, not feel excluded from it.

Cubicon Designed Source

Designed Source: An encumbered Cubicon component may restrict system execution on a machine-basis depending upon the producer's license policy. A policy is enforced through automatically through CubeExchange.

Rationale: This controlled distribution model actually encourages commercial use by assuring adequate producer compensation when a component is widely replicated within a consuming enterprise. A framework can be offered on a purchase or metered basis. Metering provides the means to cost-effectively provide functionality for both occasional and extensive use while maximizing revenue returns for the publisher.

7. Distribution of License

OpenSource.org

Open Source: The rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the program is redistributed without the need for execution of an additional license by those parties.

Rationale: This clause is intended to forbid closing up software by indirect means such as requiring a non-disclosure agreement.

Cubicon Designed Source

Designed Source: The Cubicon licensing model provides the means to link certain component disclosure to an electronic non-disclosure agreement.

Rationale: There are many classes of IP embedded in software components. Some of these components will contain trade secrets that a producer does not want compromised, but must share with licensees if they are to modify a component for reuse. Providing a built-in legal mechanism for this type of disclosure increases IP proliferation and collaboration where a producer has a large investment in system development and cannot risk open exposure.

8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product

OpenSource.org

Open Source: The rights attached to the program must not depend on the program's being part of a particular software distribution. If the program is extracted from that distribution and used or distributed within the terms of the program's license, all parties to whom the program is redistributed should have the same rights as those that are granted in conjunction with the original software distribution.

Rationale: This clause forecloses yet another class of license traps.

Cubicon Designed Source

Designed Source: There is nothing in the Cubicon licensing mechanism that prohibits component morphing for third-party use within the boundaries established by the producer's license policy. However, a producer has the right to profile encumbered components so volume discounts and commission structures can be considered.

Rationale: The CubeExchange is established on the Darwinism theory of natural selection. New and improved components will continually challenge established components that can easily displace an incumbent due to the recombinant natural of Cubicon IP technology. There is an imperative to improve the functional and reliability characteristics of a component, least it be replaced by a superior component. The effect of this theory will be a continuous pricing pressure on encumbered components as they become generically available and finally fold into specific core distributions in particular domains.

9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software

OpenSource.org

Open Source: The license must not place restrictions on other software that is distributed along with the licensed software. For example, the license must not insist that all other programs distributed on the same medium must be open-source software.

Rationale: Distributors of open-source software have the right to make their own choices about their own software. Yes, the GPL is conformant with this requirement. Software linked with GPLed libraries only inherits the GPL if it forms a single work, not any software with which they are merely distributed.

Cubicon Designed Source

Designed Source: Any set of native Cubicon components may be morphed together within the boundary of the half-locked encumbrances. Cubicon provides two general methods that components can use to dynamically interact with applications written in lexical programming languages.

1 – A foreign schema can be statically parsed and dynamically processed as a Cubicon service. A service is a sophisticated nested structure that provides powerful traverse, edit, read and write operations on composite data. A CubeRun can re-serialize a modified service back into XML. The original producer would be the entity that develops and distributes a context for the service. The entity is free to establish component license policy for a particular context.

2 – A Cubicon method can call out to a foreign method by passing arguments and returning result value through a binary signature. A foreign method is wrapped within a Community Repository and thus can be optionally encumbered for reuse.

Rationale: Cubicon offers a rich set of IP commerce mechanisms, but no restrictions on licensing policy. Policy is left up to the component producer. Our strategic goal is to establish a de facto standard iconic design medium that will greatly increase the velocity of complex system development and IP reuse, on a worldwide scale.

10. License Must Be Technology-Neutral

OpenSource.org

Open Source: No provision of the license may be predicated on any individual technology or style of interface.

Rationale: This provision is aimed specifically at licenses that require an explicit gesture of assent in order to establish a contract between licensor and licensee. Provisions mandating so-called "click-wrap" may conflict with important methods of software distribution such as FTP download, CD-ROM anthologies, and web mirroring; such provisions may also hinder code re-use. Conformant licenses must allow for the possibility that (a) redistribution of the software will take place over non-Web channels that do not support click-wrapping of the download, and that (b) the covered code (or re-used portions of covered code) may run in a non-GUI environment that cannot support popup dialogues.

Cubicon Designed Source

Designed Source: Cubicon provides CubeExchange, Community Repository and CubeStudio elements that provide a robust infrastructure for component distribution, reuse and IP tracking. The basis for IP tracking is the manner in which each cube component is embedded with the authoring entity's identifier. A person that is an employee is credited with authorship, but their IP ownership rights are automatically assigned to their employer's community.

A community can declare that a particular binary system framework is unencumbered, but they lose important rights and capabilities in doing so. An unencumbered framework can be distributed without sourcing through a Community Repository. Tracking of rights would also be lost if a component set is synthesized and reduced to a silicon representation.

Rationale: This capability is provided for practical scaling purposes and specialized domain deployments.

Conformance
(This section is not part of the Open Source Definition.)

OpenSource.org

Open Source: When software developers distribute their software under OSI approved software licenses they can apply the OSI Certification Mark to that software. This certification mark informs users of that software that the license complies with the intent of the Open Source Definition.

Most Open Source licenses come with a standard Disclaimer that include the "AS IS" and "CODE IS NOT Necessarily FREE FROM DEFECTS" clauses.

Cubicon Designed Source

Designed Source: Instead of disclaimers, Cubicon offers certification. We believe that Cubicon's technologies will enable software vendors to produce component products that can be backed by a Limited Warranty and thus command higher market values. This premise is based upon the following certification architecture. A Cubicon certification has four levels of conformance:

Level 1. Certified fit for purpose with no OS or foreign method calls – A pure native Cubicon system only executes well-formed modules that essentially cannot be hacked without detection. All interactions are performed through the CubeRun. Without OS or foreign method calls, the component is guaranteed to be free from malicious intent. The remaining fit for purpose certification would be provided by a third-party testing organization that has established a reputation for providing compliance.

Level 2. No OS or foreign method calls – This certification level is the same as Level 1 except without the fit for purpose certification.

Level 3. Certified with OS or foreign method calls – This certification level is more difficult to guarantee due to possible interaction with foreign code.

None. OS or foreign method calls – No certification applied, you are on your own.



 

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